Les institutions sociales et politiques des bakongo du pool (congo) : chefferies traditionnelle et administrative, 1905-1946
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Abstract EN:
The invasion and the conquest that started since the second half of the 19th century marked by fights (1896, 1899) led in 1905 to the creation of the district of "bas congo", ancestor of the actual region of pool. At this period the land bakongo is very populated, dynamic and structured. We want to study through the institutions, the society, and during the colonization, the process of integration and evolution of pool into the colonial entity. In 1906-1980, the conquest did not at all curb the progress of the bakongo. Their institutions are conform to the requirements of the colonization and improved. In 1930-1945, the policy of "bras de fer" led by the french administration against the bakongo society, balari or "amicale", and the attempt to destory the chieftainsy, provoqued a severe crisis: rebellions and repression succeeded one another. At the end of our study, 1946, permanence and slow transformation characterize the bakongo's social et political institutions. In the large rural majority of congo, the chieftainsy remains the principal institution of authority; the only one that is usually touched directly.
Abstract FR:
La penetration et la conquete, qui ont debute depuis la deuxieme moitie du 19eme siecle, marquees par des luttes (1896, 1899) aboutissent, en 1905, a la creation de la circonscription du bas congo, ancetre de l'actuelle region du pool. A cette date, le pays bakongo est tres peuple, dynamique et structure. Nous voulons etudier, a partir des institutions, la societe, et, pendant la colonisation, le processus d'integration et d'evolution du pool au sein de l'entite coloniale. En 1906-1930, la conquete ne freine en rien le progres des bakongo. Leurs institutions s'adaptent aux exigences de la colonisation et se perfectionnent. En 1930-1945, la politique de "bras de fer" pratiquee par l'administration francaise contre la societe bakongo, le mouvement balari ou l'amicale, et la tentative de destruction de sa chefferie, provoquent une crise grave: revoltes armees et repressions se succedent. A la fin de notre etude, 1946, permanence et transformation lente caracterisent les institutions sociales et politiques des bakongos. Dans l'immense majorite rurale du congo, la chefferie reste la principale institution d'autorite, souvent la seule qu'on aborde directement.