La conception de la société chez Jules Verne : observation et rêve
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Abstract EN:
This research deals with extraordinary travels (63 novels) which have been studied as tokens of social structures and mentalities. Verne has a mature and male conception of the world that is misogyn and misogam, which does not exclude strong female personnalities and a mate companionship in marriage. The natural and nuclear family is compensated by chosen families. Girls are educated by institutionnal structures teaching little scientific subjects, latin remaining a reference. Religion is oecumenic, without dogma and one only reference to god as a father. Social and religious rituals are neglected. Industrial revolution is seen as magical and without factories which betrays an obsession with huge achievements, transports and an absence of petrol or cars. Unaware of the people, conscious of the crowd, unconcerned by social mobility, verne's world is filled with wealthy, official and hiden people with professional titles. Verne's antisemitism which burst out in 1877, is caracterized by its economic and racial nature. Adventure affects social relationships, but it does not change them. Hedonism never masters the desired, feared and sometimes sublimated destination. There is a reporter between the traveller and the tourist, he is the go-between from the event to a worldwide public opinion. The travel, seen as fleeing, also shows the european and north-american domination over a fascinating and irritating anglo-saxon ever-present world. Unified and regionless, france slowly participates in the growth of nationalisms. A known and mapped world has always been frightful. Colonisation expresses inevitable progress over wild and cannibal peoples in spite of some sympathy for the revolted ones and a positive image of mixed-blooded people.
Abstract FR:
Cette recherche concerne les voyages extraordinaires (63 romans) etudies comme temoins des structures sociales et des mentalites. Le monde vernien est adulte et masculin, misogyne et misogame, ce qui n'exclut pas de fortes personnalites feminines et une relation de compagnonnage dans le couple. La famille naturelle, reduite, est compensee par des familles "choisies. L'education est familiale pour les filles et institutionnelle pour les garcons, peu scientifique, le latin restant la reference. La religion est occumenique, sans dogme, avec l'image exclusive de dieu le pere. Les rites sociaux et religieux sont eludes. La revolution industrielle, magique, sans usine, montre l'obsession des grands travaux et des transports, et l'absence du petrole ou de la voiture. Ignorant du peuple, conscient de la foule, frileux devant la montee sociale, le monde vernien est peuple de rentiers, officiels et "caches" habilles d'un qualificatif professionnel. L'antisemitisme vernien, qui eclate en 1877 est surtout de nature economique et raciale. L'aventure bouscule les rapports sociaux mais ne les transforme pas. Le rivage, espere et craint, parfois "sublime", n'est pas apprivoise par l'hedonisme. Entre le "voyageur" et le "touriste" se glisse le reporter, intermediaire entre l'evenement et une opinion publique mondialisee. Fuite, le voyage exprime aussi la domination des europeens et americains du nord, avec un monde anglo-saxon omnipresent fascinant et irritant. La france unifiee sans terroirs, participe lentement a la montee des nationalismes. La terre connue, cartographiee est toujours inquietante. La colonisation exprime le progres inevitable sur des peuples sauvages et anthropophages, malgre une sympathie pour les revoltes et une image positive des metis.