Aux origines du syndicalisme d'union patronale : andré lebon et la fédération des industriels et des commercants francais, de la création en 1903 a la première guerre. mondiale
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Abstract EN:
Both a biography, a long-term study and a monograph, the subject which touches on a largely unknown field, was defined around convergence which lead to the creation of a new employers' organisation at the beginning of the century. Andre lebon, its president, carried out brillant studies at the ecole libre des sciences politiques where he soon taught, then became the principal private secretary of the president of the senate. Before being elected deputy for parthenay in 1893. As minister of trade in ribot's cabinet in 1895, he became acquainted with business circles. In charge of colonies under meline, he sent lyautey to madagascar ; but keeping alfred dreyfus under surveillance, he took measures denounced during a violent campaign. Defeated in 1898 and 1902, marginalised because of the partisan reconstruction, he launched out into business. Director of the board of credit foncier, he became the chairman of the messageries maritimes in 1902 and started a long career in international trade. As founder of the comite central des armateurs de france and the federation des industriels et des commercants francais, he became one of the major employers' leaders. The employers' movement, influenced by the legal frame inherited from the revolution, benefited from a great tolerance of the authorities all along the nineteenth century. However the multiplication of activities (chambers of commerce, regional committees, unions of employers' federations, protectionnist and free trade formations) didn't lead to any general integration. The reference to the german experience, international competitiveness, waldeckrousseau's politic and workers upsurge however lead employers to set up federations and coordination authorities at the turn of the century. The f. I. C. F. , launched in 1903 to link up the numerous workers' groups, boasted a powerful organisation. A detailed personne study of its leaders revealed it had largely reached its rallying goal. Refusing the debate over protectionism, anxious to develop exportation, favourable to a social appeasement without hindering the competitive potentialities of the enterprises and willing to challenge germany, they remained at the vanguard. Their action soon focused on the analysis of parliamentary work, wich made the federation a group with a varied range of activities : backing up of the economy, trade union coordination and politica
Abstract FR:
A la fois biographie, etude sur le temps long, et monographie, le sujet, qui aborde un champ triplement meconnu, a ete defini autour des convergences qui entrainent la creation au debut du siecle d'une nouvelle organisation patronale. Andre lebon, son president, fait de brillantes etudes a l'ecole libre des sciences politiques ou il enseigne rapidement, devient chef de cabinet du president du senat et se fait elire depute de parthenay en 1893. Ministre du commerce dans le cabinet ribot en 1895, il se lie aux milieux d'affaires. Charge des colonies par meline, il envoie lyautey a madagascar ; mais, responsable de la surveillance d'alfred dreyfus, il prend des mesures denoncees dans une violente campagne. Battu en 1898 et en 1902, marginalise par la recomposition partisane, il se lance dans les affaires. Administrateur du credit foncier, il est porte a la presidence des messageries maritimes en 1902 et entame une longue carriere dans les affaires internationales. Fondateur du comite central des armateurs et de la f. I. C. F. , il devient l'un des principaux leaders patronaux. Marque par le cadre legal herite de la revolution, le mouvement des employeurs beneficie pendant tout le xixe siecle d'une grande tolerance des pouvoirs publics. Cependant, la multiplication des experiences (chambres de commerce, comites regionaux, unions de chambres syndicales, formations protectionnistes et libre-echangistes) ne se traduit par aucune integration generale. La reference a l'experience allemande, la concurrence internationale, la politique du cabinet waldeck-rousseau et la poussee ouvriere amenent cependant les patrons a constituer au tournant du siecle des federations par branches et une instance de coordination. Lancee en 1903 pour relier les divers constituants patronaux, la f. I. C. F. Dispose d'une puissante organisation. La prosopographie de ses dirigeants revele qu'elle a en grande partie atteint son objectif de rassemblement. Refusant le debat sur le protectionnisme, soucieux de developper les exportations, favorables a l'apaisement social sans entraver la capacite concurrentielle des entreprises, desireux de contrer le rival allemand, ils constituent un patronat eclaire. Leur action en vient rapidement a se concentrer sur l'analyse du travail parlementaire, ce qui fait de la federation une instance a vocation diversifiee : soutien a l'economie, coordination syndicale et