"Adjutores Antonii partium" : les partisans romains de Marc-Antoine
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Abstract EN:
THE PURPOSE OF THIS THESIS CONSIST IN A STUDY OF THE ROMAN FOLLOWERS OF MARK ANTONY ; IT IS BASED ON A PROSOPOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF 172 CITIZENS WHO SUPPORTED, FOLLOWED OR SERVED ANTONY DURING HIS POLITICAL LIFE. ANTONY'S PARTY BORN IN THE POLITICAL UPHEAVAL WHO SUCCEEDED TO THE MURDER OF CAESAR, IN MARCH 44 B. C. FIRST, FAMILY AND PARENTS, THEN, A PART OF THE CESARIAN ELITES FORMED THIS FACTION. THE DEFEAT OF MUTINA DIDN'T STOP ITS PROGRESS; ON THE CONTRARY, THE CONSTITUTION OF THE TRIUMVIRATE, AT THE END OF 43 B. C. , strengthHENENED ITS POSITION; HENCEFORWARD, ANTONY'S FRIENDS TOOK PART IN THE GOVERNEMENT OT THE STATE. AT THIS TIME, THE COMPOSITION OF THE PARTY SEEMED TO BE HOMOGENEOUS : ITS ELITES CAME FROM THE CESARIAN RANKS; THE CESARIAN LEADERS DURING THE CIVIL WARS JOINED ANTONY RATHER THAN HIS TWO COLLEAGUES. WE CAN NOTE, ALSO A GREAT NUMBER OF EX-CLODIANS. AFTER THE BATTLE OF PHILIPPI, THE COMPOSITION CHANGED : THE DEFEATED REPUBLICANS RALLIED ANTONY, THEN, AFTER NAULOCAE, THE POMPEIANS WERE WON OVER HIM. BEFORE THE PARTHIAN CAMPAIGN, THE TRIUMVIR WAS AT THE HEAD OF A GREAT AND PRESTIGIOUS PARTY WHERE DOMINATED THE NOBILES AND THE IMPERATORES, WHO PROVED THEIR VALUE IN THE ORIENTAL WARS. BUT, FROM 36B. C. , AND PARTICULARLY FROM THE CRISIS OF 32 B. C. , THE MILITARY SETBACKS AND THE OCTAVIAN'S PROPAGANDA HAD SPOILT THE UNITY OF A PARTY WHO BECAME MORE AND MORE HETEROGENEOUS. AFTER ACTIUM, THE FATE OF THE FOLLOWERS VARIED GREATLY. THE MAJOR PART OF THE LEADERS WAS PARDONED AND THEY BECAME THE SUPPORTERS OF THE PRINCIPATE. BUT, SOME OF THE PARTISANS, IN A GREATER PROPORTION THAN THE IMPERIAL HISTORIOGRAPHY ACKNOWLEDGED, DIED WITH ANTONY, IN 30B. C.
Abstract FR:
Cette these a pour objet l'etude des partisans romains de marc-antoine; elle se fonde sur un catalogue prosopographique comprenant 172 citoyens qui ont apporte leur soutien, suivi ou servi marc-antoine dans la vie publique. Le parti antonien nait a l'occasion des violentes secousses politiques qui ont succede a l'assassinat de cesar en mars 44. Il se forme a partir d'un noyau initial de parents par le sang ou par alliance et grace au ralliement ou a l'approbation d'une partie des elites cesariennes. Les revers de la guerre de modene n'en sont pas venus a bout; bien au contraire, la creation du triumvirat, a la fin de l'annee 43, lui a donne sa force et sa cohesion. Desormais, cette faction participe directement au gouvernement de l'etat. A cette epoque, l'origine de cette formation parait relativement homogene : l'elite provient des rangs cesariens; les principaux lieutenants de cesar des guerres civiles ont rejoint antoine de preference a ses deux collegues; cependant, on peut noter egalement la presence d'anciens clodiens. Apres la bataille de philippes, la composition de ce groupe se modifie : les anciens republicains se rallient progressivement, suivis par les derniers pompeiens, apres nauloque. A la veille de la grande campagne contre les parthes, antoine se trouve a la tete d'un parti vaste et prestigieux ou dominent la nobilitas et les imperatores reveles par les guerresorientales. Mais, a partir de 36 et surtout de 32, les revers militaires successifs et la propagande d'octavien ont altere insensiblement la cohesion d'un parti devenu tres heterogene. Les defections l'ont mine aussi surement que les defaites. Apres actium, le sort des antoniens parait tres variable les plus importants furent absous et devinrent des piliers du principat augusteen. Un nombre, moinsnegligeable que ne le veut l'historiographie imperiale, n'a pas survecu a la mort d'antoine, en 30.