Politique des otages et déportation à Auschwitz : le convoi du 6 juillet 1942, dit des "45000"
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Abstract EN:
The july 6th 1942 convoy was singular in nature, taking as it did more than one thousand communist hostages, fifty jews and some twenty common law prisoners from compiegne to auschwitz. This study is divided into two parts, with the date of the convoy linking the two. The opening chapters recount the setting up and development of the hostage system established by the german military commander in france, as from august 1941. In retaliation for attacks by communist armed groups, hitler demanded a large-scale execution of hostages, which he supplemented in april 1942 by an order to deport communist, jewish and "antisocial" hostages to the east. The purpose of the july 6th 1942 convoy was to remove the communist and antisocial hostages who had been herded together in compiegne by the german military authorities. The remaining chapters of part 1 show how these retaliatory deportations were prepared, and especially how the july 6th 1942 convoy was formed. A sipo-sd order specified that these deportees were to be put under nn prisoner regime in auschwitz. Part 2 begins with the story of how the "45. 000" were transferred to auschwitz and of the particular conditions of their entry into the camp system. Chapter 2 analyses why 85% of the members of this convoy died within 6 months of arriving, while chapter 3 discusses what the chances of survival were for these french political prisoners held in the main camp used to further the final solution. In december 1942, a french resistance group was set up among the survivors. Fron spring 1943 onwards, the severity of this regime in the main camp began to ease andthe "45. 000" benefited from a series of measures which all helped to improve their chances of survival - so much so that, by 1944, there were no more deaths among the "45. 000".
Abstract FR:
Le convoi 6 juillet 1942 est un transport singulier emportant de compiegne vers auschwitz, plus d'un millier d'otages communistes, cinquante juifs et une vingtaine de prisonniers de droit commun. Cette etude se divise en deux parties qui s'articulent autour de la date de depart de ce transport. Les premiers chapitres retracent la mise en place et l'evolution du systeme des otages institue par le commandant militaire en france, a partir d'aout 1941. En represailles des attentats commis par des groupes armes communistes, hitler exige l'execution massive d'otages qu'il complete en avril 1942 par l'ordre de deporter a l'est des otages communistes, juifs et asociaux. Le convoi du 6 juillet 1942 est destine a emporter les otages communistes et "asociaux", rassembles a compiegne par l'administration militaire allemande. Les autres chapitres de cette premiere partie montrent comment ces deportations de represailles ont ete preparees et, plus particulierement, de quelle maniere le convoi du 6 juillet 1942 a ete forme. Un ordre de la sipo-sd specifie que ces deportes devront etre places a auschwitz sous le regime des prisonniers nn. La seconde partie s'ouvre sur le recit du transport des "45. 000" et sur les conditions particulieres dans lesquelles ceux-ci ont ete integres dans le complexe d'auschwitz. Un second chapitre analyse les raisons pour lesquelles 85% des membres du convoi meurent dans les six mois suivant leur arrivee. Un autre etudie les chances de survie de ces detenus politiques francais dans le principal camp de la solution finale. En decembre 1942, un groupe francais de resistance est cree parmi les survivants. A partir du printemps 1943, la rigueur du regime commence a s'attenuer au camp principal et les "45 000" beneficient d'une serie de mesures qui concourent toutes a augmenter leurs possibilites de survie. En 1944, la mort ne frappe plus les "45 000".