Histoire du peuplement post-néolithique du Diamaré (Cameroun septentrional)
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Abstract EN:
The aim of this thesis is to build-up the history of post-neolithic peopling of the Diamare based uniquely on archaeological facts and to compare the results obtained with the ethnohistoric results. To do this it was necessary to complete the chrono-cultural sequence already etablished ; that is to say, by collecting information concerning the first and last centuries of our era. Thus the study concentrates on artefacts - particuraly on ceramic material - excavated from nine sites : seven tells and two lithics workshops. Once the context and methods used are explained (vol. I) we have described each site along with the material wich it is associated (vol. 2). This database enables use to recognise different ceramic associations (called "ceramic units") representing for each probing, a specific occupation. These "ceramic units" were then regrouped into "ceramic traditions" (vol. 3). These "ceramic traditions" once described (spatial and chronological distribution and ceramic characterics. . . ) allow an historical division of the diamare history into five periods, each of which are then described. The archaeological and ethnographical evidence available allow us to tentatively deduce the migratory patterns and or the most probable axes of diffusion. These elements therefore provide a base for an experiment in the history of population where the principle lines can be compared with the ethnohistographic facts. The aim of this thesis is to build-up the history of post-neolithic peopling of the Diamare based uniquely on archaeological facts and to compare the results obtained with the ethnohistoric results. To do this it was necessary to complete the chrono-cultural sequence already etablished ; that is to say, by collecting information concerning the first and last centuries of our era. Thus the study concentrates on artefacts - particuraly on ceramic material - excavated from nine sites : seven tells and two lithics workshops. Once the context and methods used are explained (vol. I) we have described each site along with the material wich it is associated (vol. 2). This database enables use to recognise different ceramic associations (called "ceramic units") representing for each probing, a specific occupation. These "ceramic units" were then regrouped into "ceramic traditions" (vol. 3). These "ceramic traditions" once described (spatial and chronological distribution and ceramic characterics. . . ) allow an historical division of the diamare history into five periods, each of which are then described. The archaeological and ethnographical evidence available allow us to tentatively deduce the migratory patterns and or the most probable axes of diffusion. These elements therefore provide a base for an experiment in the history of population where the principle lines can be compared with the ethnohistographic facts.
Abstract FR:
Cette thèse a pour finalité de jeter les bases d'une histoire du peuplement postnéolithique du Diamaré à partir des seules données archéologiques et de comparer les résultats obtenus aux données de l'ethnohistoire. Pour ce faire, il fut nécessaire de compléter la séquence chrono-culturelle déjà établie, c'est-à-dire de collecter des informations concernant les premiers et les derniers siècles de notre ère. L'étude porte ainsi sur le matériel - et tout particulièrement sur le matériel céramique - extrait de neuf gisements : sept buttes et deux ateliers lithiques. Une fois exposés le contexte et la méthode utilisée (vol. I), nous avons décrit chaque gisement ainsi que le matériel qui lui etait associé (vol. II). Cette base de donnée a permis de reconnaitre différentes associations céramiques (denommées "unités céramiques") représentant, pour chaque sondage, une occupation spécifique. Ces "unités céramiques" furent ensuite regroupées en "traditions céramiques" (vol. III). Les "traditions céramiques" une fois décrites (extensions spatiale et chronologique, céramique caractéristique. . . ) ont permis une périodisation de l'histoire du Diamaré en cinq périodes qui furent, à leur tour, décrites. Des données archéologiques et ethnographiques disponibles nous avons alors tenté de déduire les courants migratoires et ou axés de diffusions les plus vraisemblables. Ces éléments furent ainsi à la base d'un essai d'histoire du peuplement dont les principales lignes purent être comparées aux données ethnohistoriques.