Abstract EN:

In this thesis we study real structures on compact toric varieties. After proving that their number (up to conjugation) is finite, we limit ourselves to toric real structures i. E. , real structures that normalize the action of the torus and define equivalencies between them. Then we calculate an upper bound of the number of non-equivalent such structures. We list explicitely the groups generated by toric real structures in dimension 2 and 3 and determine some minimal models for surfaces. We are also interested in the real toric variety. We prove that it is pathwise-connected when it is non-empty and give the complete list of its topological types in case of surfaces and fano-threefolds. We end this work by the application to the toric threefolds equipped with their canonical real structures of a Kollar's conjecture:Is a real hyperbolic connected treefold the real part of some complex projective rational variety ?