Abstract EN:

Advances in networks and computers have prompted the development of very vast and various fields of applications. This diversity leads the networks ta support various types of traffic and to provide services which must be at the same time generic and adaptive because properties of quality of service (QoS) differ from a type of application to another. For example, the multi-media and real-time applications require low end-ta-end delays, bandwidth guarantee and low drop rate, whereas prolonged network lifetime is the main requirement for many Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) applications. However, these two types of applications are established against the problem of scalability. Accordingly, the hierarchical routing based on the clustering is an effective approach for solving this problem. Indeed, clustering-based approach allow to reduce the complexity of the routing on a large scale by the means of (i) the division of the network into differem clusters based on sorne criteria of QoS, and (ii) the management of the intra-cluster communications locally by the elected nodes as Cluster Heads (CHs). Since the requirements in QoS depend on the applications type, the clustering procedure must be adapted to fulfil the requiremems of each application type. Our work through this thesis is related ta the hierarchical routing protocol based on the clustering and its application in various environments to offer a good QoS to the multi-media real-time applications, and the WSN applications.