Abstract EN:

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) refer to mobile and wireless networks independent of any infrastructure. Some ad hoc scenarios are in a hostile environment. Moreover, due to numerous constraints such as the lack of infrastructure, the lack of a-priori trust relationship, resource-constrained nodes, mobility, etc. , the ad hoc routing is vulnerable to numerous attacks. In this dissertation, we first present a classification of ad hoc routing vulnerabilities using the attack tree analysis model. The main characteristic of this work is that we distinguish objectives and mechanisms of attacks. This distinction can help security defenders to easily notice which attacks should be prevented under which security objectives. We then focus on the propositions of new secure mechanisms for ad hoc routing protocols, and we also pay attention to limit the performance degradation caused by security mechanisms. First of all, we proposed a Secure Watchdog for Ad hoc Networks (SWAN) to ensure the authentication in supervision and to reduce the storage requirement of watchdog. Secondly, a Trust-based Routing Protocol (TRP) is proposed, which is a protocol based on source routing and a trust model. Thirdly, two security mechanisms for Optimized Link State Routing protocol (OLSR), respectively Hash Proved Link State (HPLS) and TC Securing (TCSec), are proposed to reinforce the security and to reduce the cryptography overhead required by an existing solution. Simulations show that our mechanisms are both robust and lightweight. The dissertation is ended with some guidelines for the design of a new ad hoc routing protocol secured from scratch.